Syphilis

Approximately 50% of people with syphilis show no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they typically appear about three weeks after infection.  

• Primary syphilis: A sore (chancre) develops at the site of exposure, commonly the penis, vagina, anus or mouth. The sore is usually painless and may go unnoticed. It heals within a few weeks, even without treatment.   
• Secondary syphilis: Occurs 2–4 months after infection. It often presents with a generalised skin rash, typically on the trunk, palms or soles. Other symptoms may include fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and fatigue. Over 90% of cases involve a rash.  

Testing is recommended if: 

• You notice a sore or ulcer on your genitals, anus or throat 
• You are being treated for another STI 
• You are pregnant or planning pregnancy 
• You have unexplained symptoms that resemble syphilis 

Syphilis is easily treatable, but if left untreated, it can cause severe damage to the heart, brain, eyes, nervous system, liver, bones and joints. In advanced stages, it may lead to mental illness, blindness, heart disease and even death. 

Syphilis testing involves: 

• A blood test to detect antibodies against the syphilis bacterium 
• Swabs from any visible sores   

A positive blood test may indicate a current or past infection, as antibodies can remain in the body for years. If you’ve previously had syphilis, inform your doctor to assist with accurate interpretation of the results.  

Routine syphilis screening is recommended during pregnancy, at the first antenatal visit, and again later in pregnancy or after birth, depending on local health guidelines.  

Testing for syphilis is bulk-billed and confidential (note: private GP consultation fees may apply).

To get tested: 

Syphilis is treated with antibiotics. Early-stage infections are usually cured with a single dose, while longer or more complex infections may require extended treatment. Reinfection is possible if exposed again.  

To avoid reinfection:  

• Avoid sexual contact or use barrier protection until sores or rashes have cleared 
• Wait at least 7 days after you and your sexual partner(s) complete treatment before resuming sexual activity  

Follow-up testing is recommended at 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment.    

• Sexual partners of people diagnosed with syphilis must be tested and treated. 
• Having syphilis increases the risk of acquiring other STIs, including HIV. 
  

• STI Patient Brochure